类型 | 关键字 |
---|---|
布尔型 | bool |
字符型 | char |
整型 | int |
浮点型 | float |
双浮点型 | double |
无类型 | void |
宽字符型 | wchar_t |
其实 wchar_t 是这样来的:
typedef short int wchar_t;
一些基本类型可以使用一个或多个类型修饰符进行修饰:
signed
unsigned
short
long
下表显示了各种变量类型在内存中存储值时需要占用的内存,以及该类型的变量所能存储的最大值和最小值。
注意:不同系统会有所差异,一字节为 8 位。
注意:默认情况下,int、short、long都是带符号的,即 signed。
注意:long int 8 个字节,int 都是 4 个字节,早期的 C 编译器定义了 long int 占用 4 个字节,int 占用 2 个字节,新版的 C/C++ 标准兼容了早期的这一设定。
注意,各种类型的存储大小与系统位数有关,但目前通用的以64位系统为主。
类型 | 位 | 范围 |
---|---|---|
char | 1 个字节 | -128 到 127 或者 0 到 255 |
unsigned char | 1 个字节 | 0 到 255 |
signed char | 1 个字节 | -128 到 127 |
int | 4 个字节 | -2147483648 到 2147483647 |
unsigned int | 4 个字节 | 0 到 4294967295 |
signed int | 4 个字节 | -2147483648 到 2147483647 |
short int | 2 个字节 | -32768 到 32767 |
unsigned short int | 2 个字节 | 0 到 65,535 |
signed short int | 2 个字节 | -32768 到 32767 |
long int | 8 个字节 | -9,223,372,036,854,775,808 到 9,223,372,036,854,775,807 |
signed long int | 8 个字节 | -9,223,372,036,854,775,808 到 9,223,372,036,854,775,807 |
unsigned long int | 8 个字节 | 0 到 18,446,744,073,709,551,615 |
float | 4 个字节 | 精度型占4个字节(32位)内存空间,+/- 3.4e +/- 38 (~7 个数字) |
double | 8 个字节 | 双精度型占8 个字节(64位)内存空间,+/- 1.7e +/- 308 (~15 个数字) |
long double | 16 个字节 | 长双精度型 16 个字节(128位)内存空间,可提供18-19位有效数字。 |
wchar_t | 2 或 4 个字节 | 1 个宽字符 |
下面实例会输出您电脑上各种数据类型的大小。
#include<iostream> #include <limits> using namespace std; int main() { cout << "type: \t\t" << "************size**************" << endl; cout << "bool: \t\t" << "所占字节数:" << sizeof(bool); cout << "\t最大值:" << (numeric_limits<bool>::max)(); cout << "\t\t最小值:" << (numeric_limits<bool>::min)() << endl; cout << "char: \t\t" << "所占字节数:" << sizeof(char); cout << "\t最大值:" << (numeric_limits<char>::max)(); cout << "\t\t最小值:" << (numeric_limits<char>::min)() << endl; cout << "signed char: \t" << "所占字节数:" << sizeof(signed char); cout << "\t最大值:" << (numeric_limits<signed char>::max)(); cout << "\t\t最小值:" << (numeric_limits<signed char>::min)() << endl; cout << "unsigned char: \t" << "所占字节数:" << sizeof(unsigned char); cout << "\t最大值:" << (numeric_limits<unsigned char>::max)(); cout << "\t\t最小值:" << (numeric_limits<unsigned char>::min)() << endl; cout << "wchar_t: \t" << "所占字节数:" << sizeof(wchar_t); cout << "\t最大值:" << (numeric_limits<wchar_t>::max)(); cout << "\t\t最小值:" << (numeric_limits<wchar_t>::min)() << endl; cout << "short: \t\t" << "所占字节数:" << sizeof(short); cout << "\t最大值:" << (numeric_limits<short>::max)(); cout << "\t\t最小值:" << (numeric_limits<short>::min)() << endl; cout << "int: \t\t" << "所占字节数:" << sizeof(int); cout << "\t最大值:" << (numeric_limits<int>::max)(); cout << "\t最小值:" << (numeric_limits<int>::min)() << endl; cout << "unsigned: \t" << "所占字节数:" << sizeof(unsigned); cout << "\t最大值:" << (numeric_limits<unsigned>::max)(); cout << "\t最小值:" << (numeric_limits<unsigned>::min)() << endl; cout << "long: \t\t" << "所占字节数:" << sizeof(long); cout << "\t最大值:" << (numeric_limits<long>::max)(); cout << "\t最小值:" << (numeric_limits<long>::min)() << endl; cout << "unsigned long: \t" << "所占字节数:" << sizeof(unsigned long); cout << "\t最大值:" << (numeric_limits<unsigned long>::max)(); cout << "\t最小值:" << (numeric_limits<unsigned long>::min)() << endl; cout << "double: \t" << "所占字节数:" << sizeof(double); cout << "\t最大值:" << (numeric_limits<double>::max)(); cout << "\t最小值:" << (numeric_limits<double>::min)() << endl; cout << "long double: \t" << "所占字节数:" << sizeof(long double); cout << "\t最大值:" << (numeric_limits<long double>::max)(); cout << "\t最小值:" << (numeric_limits<long double>::min)() << endl; cout << "float: \t\t" << "所占字节数:" << sizeof(float); cout << "\t最大值:" << (numeric_limits<float>::max)(); cout << "\t最小值:" << (numeric_limits<float>::min)() << endl; cout << "size_t: \t" << "所占字节数:" << sizeof(size_t); cout << "\t最大值:" << (numeric_limits<size_t>::max)(); cout << "\t最小值:" << (numeric_limits<size_t>::min)() << endl; cout << "string: \t" << "所占字节数:" << sizeof(string) << endl; // << "\t最大值:" << (numeric_limits<string>::max)() << "\t最小值:" << (numeric_limits<string>::min)() << endl; cout << "type: \t\t" << "************size**************" << endl; system("pause"); return 0; }
本实例使用了 endl,这将在每一行后插入一个换行符,<< 运算符用于向屏幕传多个值,sizeof() 运算符用来获取各种数据类型的大小。
当上面的代码被编译和执行时,它会产生以下的结果,结果会根据所使用的计算机而有所不同